FSW is classified as a solid state welding process even though there is significant material movement near the tool. (W 35) (1)

Welding process = Processo de soldagem

The hybrid process offers the benefits of the separate processes, and overcomes some of their respective drawbacks, such as the lower tolerance to joint fit up of laser welding, or the higher heat input of arc welding, which increases distortion and subsequent re-work costs. (W 138) (2)

Hybrid process = Processo híbrido

The laser process also offers the possibility of automation in what is largely a manual labour-based industry sector. (W 410) (3)

Laser process = Processo a laser

(1) Numerical investigations of friction stir welding of high temperature materials. 

A. Elbanhawy, E. Chevallier, K. Domin 

TWI Ltd, Structural Integrity Technology Group  

Presenter: Dr Amr Elbanhawy, Project Leader at TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6AL, UK 

NAFEMS world congress, Salzburg, Austria, 9-12 June 2013.

(2) Hybrid laser-MAG welding procedures and weld properties in 4mm, 6mm and 8mm thickness C-Mn steels. 

C M Allen 1 , C H J Gerritsen 2 , Y Zhang 1 , J Mawella 3

1 TWI Ltd., Granta Park, Gt. Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL, United Kingdom.

2 Formerly at TWI Ltd., now at OCAS NV (Arcelor), Industry Research Centre, Arcelor Innovation – R&Dmp;D, OCAS NV, John Kennedylaan 3, 9060 Zelzate, Belgium.

3 Defence Procurement Agency, Ministry of Defence, Abbeywood, Bristol BS34 8JH, United Kingdom.

Paper presented at the IIW Commission IV / XII, Intermediate Meeting, Vigo, Spain, 11 – 13 April 2007

(3) Transmission Laser Welding of Plastics 

P A Hilton*, I A Jones* and Y Kennish** 

*TWI Ltd, Cambridge, UK

**Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, UK 

Paper presented at International Congress on Laser Advanced Materials Processing (LAMP 2002), May 2002